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obtained a position

  • 1 radar position indication

    radar position indication; RPI
    The visual indication, in non-symbolic and/or symbolic form, on a radar display of the position of an aircraft obtained by primary and/or secondary surveillance radar.
    (PANS-ATM)
    радиолокационное отображение местоположения воздушного судна; RPI
    Отображение в несимволической и/или символической форме на индикаторе радиолокатора местоположения воздушного судна, полученного с помощью первичного и/или вторичного обзорного радиолокатора.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > radar position indication

  • 2 radar position symbol

    radar position symbol; RPS
    The visual indication, in symbolic form, on a radar display, of the position of an aircraft obtained after automatic processing of positional data derived from primary and/or secondary surveillance radar.
    (PANS-ATM)
    Official definition modified by Amdt 5 to PANS-RAC (10/11/1994).
    радиолокационный символ местоположения воздушного судна; RPS
    Отображение в символической форме на индикаторе радиолокатора местоположения воздушного судна, полученного после автоматизированной обработки данных о местоположении, предоставляемых первичным и/или вторичным обзорным радиолокатором.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > radar position symbol

  • 3 favour

    'feivə 1. noun
    1) (a kind action: Will you do me a favour and lend me your car?) tjeneste
    2) (kindness or approval: She looked on him with great favour.) velvilje, gunst
    3) (preference or too much kindness: By doing that he showed favour to the other side.) (gjøre) forskjell
    4) (a state of being approved of: He was very much in favour with the Prime Minister.) gunst, velvilje
    2. verb
    (to support or show preference for: Which side do you favour?) støtte, stille seg velvillig til
    - favourably
    - favourite     3. noun
    (a person or thing that one likes best: Of all her paintings that is my favourite.) yndling, favoritt
    - in favour of
    - in one's favour
    velvilje
    I
    subst. \/ˈfeɪvə\/ eller favor
    1) gunst, yndest, velvilje, anerkjennelse
    2) gunstbevisning, begunstigelse
    3) tjeneste
    • can you do me a favour?
    4) fortrinn, fordel, favør, gode
    5) partiskhet, favorisering, proteksjon
    6) ( gammeldags) utmerkelsestegn, (medlems)emblem, merke, rosett, sløyfe, kokarde, kotiljong
    ask a favour of somebody eller ask somebody a favour be noen om en tjeneste
    balance in our favour ( handel) i vår favør
    be in favour of være stemt for, være tilhenger av, støtte, være for, like, gå inn for
    be in someone's favour tale til fordel for noen, tale til noens fordel
    be out of favour (være) i unåde ikke være populær lengre
    by your favour med Deres tillatelse
    come into favour again eller be taken into favour again bli tatt til nåde igjen bli populær igjen, komme til heder og verdighet igjen
    curry favour with someone fisle for noen, innsmigre seg hos noen
    distribute one's favour fordele sin gunst
    do me a favour! ( også) kutt ut!
    entreat a favour of a person bønnfalle noen om en tjeneste
    fall out of favour falle i unåde bli upopulær, bli umoderne, gå av moten
    find favour eller gain favour bli populær, vinne innpass, vinne gehør
    in favour (handel, om vare) etterspurt, populær godkjent
    in favour of til fordel for i favør av
    in our favour ( handel) til vår fordel, i vår favør, oss til gode
    look upon somebody with favour være velvillig innstilt til noen
    look upon something with favour se på noe med velvilje, være velvillig innstilt til noe
    lose favour bli upopulær
    past favours ( handel) tidligere henvendelser
    restore somebody to favour ta noen til nåde igjen
    return to favour eller take into favour again bli tatt til nåde igjen, bli tatt inn i varmen igjen bli populær igjen, bli moderne igjen, få en renessanse
    treat with favour eller show favour towards favorisere, gi fordeler (til)
    under favour of darkness i ly av mørket
    win someone's favour få noens anerkjennelse, vinne noens gunst
    without fear of favour eller without favour upartisk, uten favorisering, uten å ta parti for eller imot
    II
    verb \/ˈfeɪvə\/ eller favor
    1) like, være velvillig innstilt til, støtte
    2) begunstige, understøtte, oppmuntre
    3) anbefale, fremlegge (om sak), fremme
    4) gjøre en tjeneste
    5) favorisere, foretrekke, ta parti for
    6) ( hverdagslig) skåne, spare
    7) ligne
    favoured støttet, understøttet, begunstiget, favorisert
    favour with hedre med, forære, bevilge
    • will you favour me with an interview?
    fortune favours the brave ( ordtak) lykken står den tapre bi
    oats favour buyers ( handel) havreprisen er gunstig for kjøpere\/lav nå
    the favoured few de få utvalgte, de få begunstigede

    English-Norwegian dictionary > favour

  • 4 favour

    ['feɪvə] 1. сущ.; брит.; амер. favor
    1) расположение; благосклонность

    to find favour with smb. / in smb.'s eyes / in the eyes of smb. — снискать, заслужить чьё-л. расположение

    to lose favour with smb. — утратить чьё-л. расположение

    to win smb.'s favour — завоевать чью-л. благосклонность

    to vie for smb.'s favour — бороться за чьё-л. расположение

    to curry favour with smb. — заискивать перед кем-л.; подлизываться к кому-л.

    to fall out of favour with the king — впасть в королевскую опалу, немилость

    He is back in favour with the boss. — Начальник ему снова благоволит.

    2) поддержка, одобрение

    I am all in favour of the smoking ban. — Я полностью поддерживаю запрет на курение.

    3) любезность, услуга, одолжение

    to do smb. a favour / a favour for smb. — оказать кому-л. любезность, услугу

    to do smth. as a favour — сделать что-л. в виде одолжения

    Do me a favour - turn the radio down, will you? — Будь любезен, сделай радио потише.

    4) покровительство, протекция

    He obtained his position more by favour than by merit or ability. — Он достиг положения не столько благодаря заслугам, сколько по протекции.

    5)
    а) ( favours) символ преданности (значок, бант, ленточка)
    6) ( favours) уст. согласие на интимную близость
    7) привлекательность, интерес
    Syn:
    8) уст. внешность, внешний вид
    Syn:
    9) родовая, семейная, наследственная черта ( во внешности); уст. лицо

    I knew her by favour, as soon as I saw her. — Я сразу узнал её, как только увидел, по их характерной семейной черте.

    Syn:
    10) уст.; поэт. послание, эпистола, письмо ( в особо вежливых обращениях)

    Your favour of June the 14th is come to hand. — Ваше письмо от 14-го июня только что пришло к нам.

    Syn:
    ••
    - Do me a favour!
    - in smb.'s favour     2. гл.; брит.; амер. favor
    1) благоволить, быть благосклонным, быть согласным; оказывать внимание, любезность

    God favour and preserve him. — Храни его господь, и ниспошли ему благо.

    She favored him with a seat next to her. — Она любезно позволила ему сесть рядом с ней.

    Syn:
    2) покровительствовать, оказывать протекцию; поддерживать (какую-л. из сторон)
    3) кино задерживать камеру на каком-л. из актеров чаще, чем на другом
    4) = to favour with оказывать честь (делая что-л.)

    I am much favoured with this. — Это для меня большая честь.

    The lady was asked to favour us with a song. — Даму попросили оказать честь собравшимся и спеть.

    5) благоприятствовать; помогать, поддерживать, способствовать, оказывать помощь

    The wind favoured us. — Ветер был попутный.

    Syn:
    6) разг. беречь, оберегать, щадить (в частности, о повреждённых частях тела)

    This hound favours his leg. — Этот пёс хромает на одну лапу.

    Syn:
    7) разг. быть похожим, напоминать

    He favours you in the face. — Лицом он похож на тебя.

    ••

    favoured by smb. — переданное кем-л. ( письмо)

    Англо-русский современный словарь > favour

  • 5 Nasmyth, James Hall

    [br]
    b. 19 August 1808 Edinburgh, Scotland
    d. 7 May 1890 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor of the steam-hammer.
    [br]
    James Nasmyth was the youngest son of Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), the portrait and landscape painter. According to his autobiography he was named James Hall after his father's friend, the geologist Sir James Hall (1761–1832), but he seems never to have used his second name in official documents. He received an elementary education at Edinburgh High School, but left at the age of 12. He attended evening classes at the Edinburgh School of Arts for the instruction of Mechanics between 1821 and 1825, and gained experience as a mechanic at an early age in his father's workshop. He shared these early experiences with his brother George, who was only a year or so older, and in the 1820s the brothers built several model steam engines and a steam-carriage capable of carrying eight passengers on the public roads. In 1829 Nasmyth obtained a position in London as personal assistant to Henry Maudslay, and after Maudslay's death in February 1831 he remained with Maudslay's partner, Joshua Field, for a short time. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he and his brother George started in a small way as general engineers. In 1834 they moved to a small workshop in Manchester, and in 1836, with the aid of financial backing from some Manchester businessmen, they established on a site at Patricroft, a few miles from the city, the works which became known as the Bridgewater Foundry. They were soon joined by a third partner, Holbrook Gaskell (1813–1909), who looked after the administration of the business, the firm then being known as Nasmyths Gaskell \& Co. They specialized in making machine tools, and Nasmyth invented many improvements so that they soon became one of the leading manufacturers in this field. They also made steam locomotives for the rapidly developing railways. James Nasmyth's best-known invention was the steam-hammer, which dates from 1839 but was not patented until 1842. The self-acting control gear was probably the work of Robert Wilson and ensured the commercial success of the invention. George Nasmyth resigned from the partnership in 1843 and in 1850 Gaskell also resigned, after which the firm continued as James Nasmyth \& Co. James Nasmyth himself retired at the end of 1856 and went to live at Penshurst, Kent, in a house which he named "Hammerfield" where he devoted his time mainly to his hobby of astronomy. Robert Wilson returned to become Managing Partner of the firm, which later became Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co. and retained that style until its closure in 1940. Nasmyth's claim to be the sole inventor of the steam-hammer has been disputed, but his patent of 1842 was not challenged and the fourteen-year monopoly ensured the prosperity of the business so that he was able to retire at the age of 48. At his death in 1890 he left an estate valued at £243,805.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1874, with J.Carpenter, The Moon Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite, London.
    1883, Autobiography, ed. Samuel Smiles, London.
    Further Reading
    R.Wailes, 1963, "James Nasmyth—Artist's Son", Engineering Heritage, vol. I, London, 106–11 (a short account).
    J.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry: A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Early Engineering Industry, Manchester (a full-length critical study).
    ——1984–5, "James Nasmyth and the steam hammer", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 56:133–8.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Nasmyth, James Hall

  • 6 Norton, Charles Hotchkiss

    [br]
    b. 23 November 1851 Plainville, Connecticut, USA
    d. 27 October 1942 Plainville, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American mechanical engineer and machine-tool designer.
    [br]
    After an elementary education at the public schools of Plainville and Thomaston, Connecticut, Charles H.Norton started work in 1866 at the Seth Thomas Clock Company in Thomaston. He was soon promoted to machinist, and further progress led to his successive appointments as Foreman, Superintendent of Machinery and Manager of the department making tower clocks. He designed many public clocks.
    In 1886 he obtained a position as Assistant Engineer with the Brown \& Sharpe Manufacturing Company at Providence, Rhode Island, and was engaged in redesigning their universal grinding machine to give it more rigidity and make it more suitable for use as a production machine. In 1890 he left to become a partner in a newly established firm, Leland, Faulconer \& Norton Company at Detroit, Michigan, designing and building machine tools. He withdrew from this firm in 1895 and practised as a consulting mechanical engineer for a short time before returning to Brown \& Sharpe in 1896. There he designed a grinding machine incorporating larger and wider grinding wheels so that heavier cuts could be made to meet the needs of the mass-production industries, especially the automobile industry. This required a heavier and more rigid machine and greater power, but these ideas were not welcomed at Brown \& Sharpe and in 1900 Norton left to found the Norton Grinding Company in Worcester, Massachusetts. Here he was able to develop heavy-production grinding machines, including special machines for grinding crank-shafts and camshafts for the automobile industry.
    In setting up the Norton Grinding Company, Charles H.Norton received financial support from members of the Norton Emery Wheel Company (also of Worcester and known after 1906 as the Norton Company), but he was not related to the founder of that company. The two firms were completely independent until 1919 when they were merged. From that time Charles H.Norton served as Chief Engineer of the machinery division of the Norton Company, until 1934 when he became their Consulting Engineer.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    City of Philadelphia, John Scott Medal 1925.
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    Robert S.Woodbury, 1959, History of the Grinding Machine, Cambridge, Mass, (contains biographical information and details of the machines designed by Norton).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Norton, Charles Hotchkiss

  • 7 Senefelder, Alois

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of lithography.
    [br]
    Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.
    He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.
    He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.
    With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).
    Further Reading
    W.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.
    M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Senefelder, Alois

  • 8 Wöhler, August

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germany
    d. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany
    [br]
    German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.
    [br]
    Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.
    In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.
    Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.
    Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.
    Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.
    Further Reading
    R.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.
    ——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.
    K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.
    20:21–37.
    J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Wöhler, August

  • 9 Ohm, Georg Simon

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 16 March 1789 Erlangen, near Nuremberg, Germany
    d. 6 July 1854 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German physicist who laid the foundations of electrical science with his discovery of Ohm's Law.
    [br]
    Given the same first name as his father, Johann, at his baptism, Ohm was generally known by the name of Georg to avoid confusion. While still a child he became interested in science and learned many of his basic skills from his father, a mechanical engineer. After basic education he attended the Gymnasium at Erlangen for a year, then in 1805 he entered the University of Erlangen. Probably for financial reasons, he left after three terms in 1806 and obtained a post as a mathematics tutor at a school in Gottstadt, Switzerland, where he may well have begun to experiment with electrical circuits. In 1811 he returned to Erlangen. He appears to have obtained his doctorate in the same year. After studying physics for a year, he became a tutor at the Studienanstalt (girls' secondary school) at Bamberg in Bavaria. There, in 1817, he wrote a book on the teaching of geometry in schools, as a result of which King Freidrich Wilhelm III of Prussia had him appointed Oberlehrer (Senior Master) in Mathematics and Physics at the Royal Consistory in Cologne. He continued his electrical experiments and in 1826 was given a year's leave of absence to concentrate on this work, which culminated the following year in publication of his "Die galvanische Kette", in which he demonstrated his now-famous Law, that the current in a resistor is proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. Because he published only a theoretical treatment of his Law, without including the supporting experimental evidence, his conclusions were widely ignored and ridiculed by the eminent German scientists of his day; bitterly disappointed, he was forced to resign his post at the Consistory. Reduced to comparative poverty he took a position as a mathematics teacher at the Berlin Military School. Fortunately, news of his discovery became more widely known, and in 1833 he was appointed Professor at the Nuremberg Polytechnic School. Two years later he was given the Chair of Higher Mathematics at the University of Erlangen and the position of State Inspector of Scientific Education. Honoured by the Royal Society of London in 1841 and 1842, in 1849 he became Professor of Physics at Munich University, apost he held until his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Society Copley Medal 1841. FRS 1842.
    Bibliography
    1817, "Grundlinien zu einer zweckmàssigen Behandlung der Geometric als hohern Bildungsmittels an vorbereitenden Lehranstalt".
    1827, "Die galvanische Kette, mathematische bearbeit".
    Further Reading
    F.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers' Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill, Section 3 (for circuit theory based on Ohm's Law).
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Ohm, Georg Simon

  • 10 obtain

    [əbʹteın] v
    1. 1) получать, доставать, приобретать

    to obtain a prize [a reward] - получать приз [вознаграждение]

    to obtain a commission - воен. получить (патент на) офицерское звание

    to obtain the ball off-side - спорт. принять мяч «вне игры»

    he obtained his knowledge through years of hard study - он добился своих знаний годами упорной работы

    2) добиваться, достигать

    to obtain a position [what one wants] - добиться положения [желаемого]

    to obtain the range - воен. определять /пристреливать/ дальность

    to obtain touch - воен. устанавливать связь

    we managed to obtain a favourable settlement - нам удалось добиться благоприятного решения

    2. быть признанным, существовать; быть распространённым, встречаться

    the custom still obtains in some districts - этот обычай ещё сохраняется в некоторых местах

    the morals that obtained in Rome - нравы, существовавшие в Риме

    НБАРС > obtain

  • 11 Robert, Nicolas Louis

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 2 December 1761 Paris, France
    d. 8 August 1828 Dreux, France
    [br]
    French inventor of the papermaking machine.
    [br]
    Robert was born into a prosperous family and received a fair education, after which he became a lawyer's clerk. In 1780, however, he enlisted in the Army and joined the artillery, serving with distinction in the West Indies, where he fought against the English. When dissatisfied with his prospects, Robert returned to Paris and obtained a post as proof-reader to the firm of printers and publishers owned by the Didot family. They were so impressed with his abilities that they promoted him, c. 1790, to "clerk inspector of workmen" at their paper mill at Essonnes, south of Paris, under the control of Didot St Leger.
    It was there that Robert conceived the idea of a continuous papermaking machine. In 1797 he made a model of it and, after further models, he obtained a patent in 1798. The paper was formed on a continuously revolving wire gauze, from which the sheets were lifted off and hung up to dry. Didot was at first scathing, but he came round to encouraging Robert to make a success of the machine. However, they quarrelled over the financial arrangements and Robert left to try setting up his own mill near Rouen. He failed for lack of capital, and in 1800 he returned to Essonnes and sold his patent to Didot for part cash, part proceeds from the operation of the mill. Didot left for England to enlist capital and technical skills to exploit the invention, while Robert was left in charge at Essonnes. It was the Fourdrinier brothers and Bryan Donkin who developed the papermaking machine into a form in which it could succeed. Meanwhile the mill at Essonnes under Robert's direction had begun to falter and declined to the point where it had to be sold. He had never received the full return from the sale of his patent, but he managed to recover his rights in it. This profited him little, for Didot obtained a patent in France for the Fourdrinier machine and had two examples erected in 1814 and the following year, respectively, neatly side-tracking Robert, who was now without funds or position. To support himself and his family, Robert set up a primary school in Dreux and there passed his remaining years. Although it was the Fourdrinier papermaking machine that was generally adopted, it is Robert who deserves credit for the original initiative.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Papermaking Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 279–83 (provides a full description of Robert's invention and patent, together with a biography).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Robert, Nicolas Louis

  • 12 Whitney, Eli

    [br]
    b. 8 December 1765 Westborough, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 8 January 1825 New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the cotton gin and manufacturer of firearms.
    [br]
    The son of a prosperous farmer, Eli Whitney as a teenager showed more interest in mechanics than school work. At the age of 15 he began an enterprise business manufacturing nails in his father's workshop, even having to hire help to fulfil his orders. He later determined to acquire a university education and, his father having declined to provide funds, he taught at local schools to obtain the means to attend Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, in preparation for his entry to Yale in 1789. He graduated in 1792 and then decided to study law. He accepted a position in Georgia as a tutor that would have given him time for study; this post did not materialize, but on his journey south he met General Nathanael Greene's widow and the manager of her plantations, Phineas Miller (1764–1803). A feature of agriculture in the southern states was that the land was unsuitable for long-staple cotton but could yield large crops of green-seed cotton. Green-seed cotton was difficult to separate from its seed, and when Whitney learned of the problem in 1793 he quickly devised a machine known as the cotton gin, which provided an effective solution. He formed a partnership with Miller to manufacture the gin and in 1794 obtained a patent. This invention made possible the extraordinary growth of the cotton industry in the United States, but the patent was widely infringed and it was not until 1807, after amendment of the patent laws, that Whitney was able to obtain a favourable decision in the courts and some financial return.
    In 1798 Whitney was in financial difficulties following the failure of the initial legal action against infringement of the cotton gin patent, but in that year he obtained a government contract to supply 10,000 muskets within two years with generous advance payments. He built a factory at New Haven, Connecticut, and proposed to use a new method of manufacture, perhaps the first application of the system of interchangeable parts. He failed to supply the firearms in the specified time, and in fact the first 500 guns were not delivered until 1801 and the full contract was not completed until 1809.
    In 1812 Whitney made application for a renewal of his cotton gin patent, but this was refused. In the same year, however, he obtained a second contract from the Government for 15,000 firearms and a similar one from New York State which ensured the success of his business.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.Mirsky and A.Nevins, 1952, The World of Eli Whitney, New York (a good biography). P.J.Federico, 1960, "Records of Eli Whitney's cotton gin patent", Technology and Culture 1: 168–76 (for details of the cotton gin patent).
    R.S.Woodbury, 1960, The legend of Eli Whitney and interchangeable parts', Technology and Culture 1:235–53 (challenges the traditional view of Eli Whitney as the sole originator of the "American" system of manufacture).
    See also Technology and Culture 14(1973):592–8; 18(1977):146–8; 19(1978):609–11.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Whitney, Eli

  • 13 pitch

    I
    1. pi  verb
    1) (to set up (a tent or camp): They pitched their tent in the field.) plantar, armar, montar
    2) (to throw: He pitched the stone into the river.) tirar, lanzar, arrojar
    3) (to (cause to) fall heavily: He pitched forward.) caer(se)
    4) ((of a ship) to rise and fall violently: The boat pitched up and down on the rough sea.) cabecear
    5) (to set (a note or tune) at a particular level: He pitched the tune too high for my voice.) entonar

    2. noun
    1) (the field or ground for certain games: a cricket-pitch; a football pitch.) campo
    2) (the degree of highness or lowness of a musical note, voice etc.) tono; diapasón (música)
    3) (an extreme point or intensity: His anger reached such a pitch that he hit her.) grado, punto, extremo
    4) (the part of a street etc where a street-seller or entertainer works: He has a pitch on the High Street.) puesto
    5) (the act of pitching or throwing or the distance something is pitched: That was a long pitch.) lanzamiento
    6) ((of a ship) the act of pitching.) cabezada
    •
    - pitcher
    - pitched battle
    - pitchfork
    II pi  noun
    (a thick black substance obtained from tar: as black as pitch.) brea
    - pitch-dark
    pitch1 n
    1. campo / terreno de juego
    2. tono
    pitch2 vb montar
    tr[pɪʧ]
    1 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (of sound) tono; (of instrument) diapasón nombre masculino
    2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (field) campo, terreno; (throw) lanzamiento
    3 (degree, level) grado, punto, extremo
    4 (position, site) lugar nombre masculino, sitio; (in market) puesto
    5 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL (movement) cabezada
    1 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (note, sound) entonar
    2 figurative use (aim, address) dirigir (at, a); (set) dar un tono a
    3 (throw) tirar, arrojar; (in baseball) lanzar, pichear
    4 (tent) plantar, armar, montar; (camp) montar, hacer
    1 (fall) caerse
    2 (ship, plane) cabecear
    3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in baseball) lanzar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be at fever pitch estar al rojo vivo
    ————————
    tr[pɪʧ]
    1 (tar) brea, pez nombre femenino
    pitch ['pɪʧ] vt
    1) set up: montar, armar (una tienda)
    2) throw: lanzar, arrojar
    3) adjust, set: dar el tono de (un discurso, un instrumento musical)
    pitch vi
    1) or pitch forward fall: caerse
    2) lurch: cabecear (dícese de un barco o un avión), dar bandazos
    1) lurching: cabezada f, cabeceo m (de un barco o un avión)
    2) slope: (grado de) inclinación f, pendiente f
    3) : tono m (en música)
    perfect pitch: oído absoluto
    4) throw: lanzamiento m
    5) degree: grado m, nivel m, punto m
    the excitement reached a high pitch: la excitación llegó a un punto culminante
    6) or sales pitch : presentación f (de un vendedor)
    7) tar: pez f, brea f
    n.
    • alquitrán s.m.
    • betún s.m.
    • brea s.f.
    • cabezada s.f.
    • diapasón s.m.
    • empega s.f.
    • grado de inclinación s.m.
    • lanzamiento s.m.
    • pega s.f.
    • pendiente s.m.
    • pez s.f.
    • tono s.m. (Ships)
    v.
    • encabritarse v.
    v.
    • amorrar v.
    • echar v.
    • lanzar v.
    pɪtʃ
    I
    1)
    a) (level, degree) (no pl) punto m, extremo m, grado m
    b) u c ( Mus) tono m

    to have perfect pitch — tener* oído absoluto

    2) c ( in baseball) lanzamiento m
    3) c ( Sport) ( playing area) (BrE) campo m, cancha f (AmL)
    4) c
    a) (position, site) (BrE) lugar m, sitio m; (in market, fair) puesto m
    5) u ( substance) brea f

    II
    1.
    1) ( set up) \<\<tent\>\> armar, montar; \<\<camp\>\> montar, hacer*
    2) ( sport) \<\<ball\>\> lanzar*, pichear
    3)
    a) (aim, set, address)

    they pitched their opening offer at 3% — situaron su oferta inicial en un 3%

    b) ( Mus)

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( fall) (+ adv compl) caerse*
    b) ( lurch) \<\<ship/plane\>\> cabecear
    2) ( Sport)
    a) ( in baseball) lanzar*, pichear
    b) (in golf, cricket) \<\<ball\>\> caer*, dar*
    3) (campaign, fight) (AmE)

    to be in there pitching — (colloq) estar* en la brecha or al pie del cañón

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    I [pɪtʃ]
    1. N
    1) (esp Brit) (Ftbl, Cricket, Hockey) (=area of play) campo m, cancha f (LAm)
    2) (Baseball) (=throw) lanzamiento m, tiro m
    3) [of note, voice, instrument] tono m ; concert 3., perfect 4., queer 3.
    4) (esp Brit) [of market trader] puesto m ; [of homeless person] sitio m
    5) (=height, degree) extremo m, punto m

    matters reached such a pitch that... — las cosas llegaron a tal extremo or a tal punto que...

    fever 2.
    6) * (=sales talk) rollo * m

    • she stood up and made her pitch — se levantó y soltó su rollo

    he made a pitch for the women's vote — procuró hacerse con or acaparar los votos de las mujeres

    sale 2.
    7) (=slope) (gen) grado m de inclinación; [of roof] pendiente f
    8) (Naut) cabezada f
    2. VT
    1) (=throw) [+ ball] lanzar; [+ person] arrojar

    • he was pitched off his horse — salió disparado del caballo

    • the impact pitched her over the handlebars — el impacto la arrojó por encima del manillar

    2) (Mus) [+ note] dar; [+ instrument] graduar el tono de
    3) (=present)

    • to pitch one's aspirations too high — picar demasiado or muy alto

    you're pitching it a bit high! or strong! — ¡estás recargando las tintas!

    4) (=set up) [+ tent] armar, montar

    • to pitch camp — acampar, montar el campamento

    3. VI
    1) (=fall) [person] caer, caerse

    he pitched head-first over the wall — se cayó or cayó de cabeza por el muro

    • to pitch forward, the passengers pitched forward as the coach stopped — los pasajeros salieron despedidos hacia adelante cuando se paró el autocar

    he went down on his knees, then pitched forward — se cayó or cayó de rodillas y luego de bruces

    2) (Naut, Aer) cabecear

    • the ship was pitching and rolling or tossing — el barco cabeceaba de un lado para otro

    3) (Baseball) lanzar
    - be in there pitching
    4.
    CPD

    pitch inspection N — (Brit) (Sport) inspección f del terreno de juego

    we have arranged a pitch inspection by a referee for 9am on Wednesday morning — hemos dispuesto que un árbitro inspeccione el terreno de juego el miércoles a las nueve de la mañana

    pitch invasion N — (Brit) invasión f de campo

    pitch pipe N — (Mus) diapasón m

    pitch shot N — (Golf) pitch m


    II [pɪtʃ]
    1.
    N (=tar) brea f, pez f
    2.
    CPD

    pitch blackness N — oscuridad f total

    pitch pine N — (=wood) pino m de tea

    * * *
    [pɪtʃ]
    I
    1)
    a) (level, degree) (no pl) punto m, extremo m, grado m
    b) u c ( Mus) tono m

    to have perfect pitch — tener* oído absoluto

    2) c ( in baseball) lanzamiento m
    3) c ( Sport) ( playing area) (BrE) campo m, cancha f (AmL)
    4) c
    a) (position, site) (BrE) lugar m, sitio m; (in market, fair) puesto m
    5) u ( substance) brea f

    II
    1.
    1) ( set up) \<\<tent\>\> armar, montar; \<\<camp\>\> montar, hacer*
    2) ( sport) \<\<ball\>\> lanzar*, pichear
    3)
    a) (aim, set, address)

    they pitched their opening offer at 3% — situaron su oferta inicial en un 3%

    b) ( Mus)

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( fall) (+ adv compl) caerse*
    b) ( lurch) \<\<ship/plane\>\> cabecear
    2) ( Sport)
    a) ( in baseball) lanzar*, pichear
    b) (in golf, cricket) \<\<ball\>\> caer*, dar*
    3) (campaign, fight) (AmE)

    to be in there pitching — (colloq) estar* en la brecha or al pie del cañón

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > pitch

  • 14 Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1 January 1815 Calverly Hall, Bradford, England
    d. 2 February 1906 Swinton Park, near Bradford, England
    [br]
    English inventor of successful wool-combing and waste-silk spinning machines.
    [br]
    Lister was descended from one of the old Yorkshire families, the Cunliffe Listers of Manningham, and was the fourth son of his father Ellis. After attending a school on Clapham Common, Lister would not go to university; his family hoped he would enter the Church, but instead he started work with the Liverpool merchants Sands, Turner \& Co., who frequently sent him to America. In 1837 his father built for him and his brother a worsted mill at Manningham, where Samuel invented a swivel shuttle and a machine for making fringes on shawls. It was here that he first became aware of the unhealthy occupation of combing wool by hand. Four years later, after seeing the machine that G.E. Donisthorpe was trying to work out, he turned his attention to mechanizing wool-combing. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership after paying him £12,000 for his patent, and developed the Lister-Cartwright "square nip" comber. Until this time, combing machines were little different from Cartwright's original, but Lister was able to improve on this with continuous operation and by 1843 was combing the first fine botany wool that had ever been combed by machinery. In the following year he received an order for fifty machines to comb all qualities of wool. Further combing patents were taken out with Donisthorpe in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 1852, the last two being in Lister's name only. One of the important features of these patents was the provision of a gripping device or "nip" which held the wool fibres at one end while the rest of the tuft was being combed. Lister was soon running nine combing mills. In the 1850s Lister had become involved in disputes with others who held combing patents, such as his associate Isaac Holden and the Frenchman Josué Heilmann. Lister bought up the Heilmann machine patents and afterwards other types until he obtained a complete monopoly of combing machines before the patents expired. His invention stimulated demand for wool by cheapening the product and gave a vital boost to the Australian wool trade. By 1856 he was at the head of a wool-combing business such as had never been seen before, with mills at Manningham, Bradford, Halifax, Keighley and other places in the West Riding, as well as abroad.
    His inventive genius also extended to other fields. In 1848 he patented automatic compressed air brakes for railways, and in 1853 alone he took out twelve patents for various textile machines. He then tried to spin waste silk and made a second commercial career, turning what was called "chassum" and hitherto regarded as refuse into beautiful velvets, silks, plush and other fine materials. Waste silk consisted of cocoon remnants from the reeling process, damaged cocoons and fibres rejected from other processes. There was also wild silk obtained from uncultivated worms. This is what Lister saw in a London warehouse as a mass of knotty, dirty, impure stuff, full of bits of stick and dead mulberry leaves, which he bought for a halfpenny a pound. He spent ten years trying to solve the problems, but after a loss of £250,000 and desertion by his partner his machine caught on in 1865 and brought Lister another fortune. Having failed to comb this waste silk, Lister turned his attention to the idea of "dressing" it and separating the qualities automatically. He patented a machine in 1877 that gave a graduated combing. To weave his new silk, he imported from Spain to Bradford, together with its inventor Jose Reixach, a velvet loom that was still giving trouble. It wove two fabrics face to face, but the problem lay in separating the layers so that the pile remained regular in length. Eventually Lister was inspired by watching a scissors grinder in the street to use small emery wheels to sharpen the cutters that divided the layers of fabric. Lister took out several patents for this loom in his own name in 1868 and 1869, while in 1871 he took out one jointly with Reixach. It is said that he spent £29,000 over an eleven-year period on this loom, but this was more than recouped from the sale of reasonably priced high-quality velvets and plushes once success was achieved. Manningham mills were greatly enlarged to accommodate this new manufacture.
    In later years Lister had an annual profit from his mills of £250,000, much of which was presented to Bradford city in gifts such as Lister Park, the original home of the Listers. He was connected with the Bradford Chamber of Commerce for many years and held the position of President of the Fair Trade League for some time. In 1887 he became High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and in 1891 he was made 1st Baron Masham. He was also Deputy Lieutenant in North and West Riding.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Created 1st Baron Masham 1891.
    Bibliography
    1849, with G.E.Donisthorpe, British patent no. 12,712. 1850, with G.E. Donisthorpe, British patent no. 13,009. 1851, British patent no. 13,532.
    1852, British patent no. 14,135.
    1877, British patent no. 3,600 (combing machine). 1868, British patent no. 470.
    1868, British patent no. 2,386.
    1868, British patent no. 2,429.
    1868, British patent no. 3,669.
    1868, British patent no. 1,549.
    1871, with J.Reixach, British patent no. 1,117. 1905, Lord Masham's Inventions (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    J.Hogg (ed.), c. 1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (biography).
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both cover the technical details of Lister's invention).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

  • 15 Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew

    [br]
    b. 25 March 1892 Kazan District, Russia
    d. 24 October 1980
    [br]
    Russian (naturalized American in 1932) electrical engineer responsible for the development of the professional tape recorder and the first commercially-successful video tape recorder (VTR).
    [br]
    Poniatoff was educated at the University of Kazan, the Imperial College in Moscow, and the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, gaining degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering. He was in Germany when the First World War broke out, but he managed to escape back to Russia, where he served as an Air Force pilot with the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russian Revolution he was a pilot with the White Russian Forces, and escaped into China in 1920; there he found work as an assistant engineer in the Shanghai Power Company. In 1927 he immigrated to the USA, becoming a US citizen in 1932. He obtained a post in the research and development department of the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, and later at Dalmo Victor, San Carlos, California. During the Second World War he was involved in the development of airborne radar for the US Navy.
    In 1944, taking his initials to form the title, Poniatoff founded the AMPEX Corporation to manufacture components for the airborne radar developed at General Electric, but in 1946 he turned to the production of audio tape recorders developed from the German wartime Telefunken Magnetophon machine (the first tape recorder in the truest sense). In this he was supported by the entertainer Bing Crosby, who needed high-quality replay facilities for broadcasting purposes, and in 1947 he was able to offer a professional-quality product and the business prospered.
    With the rapid post-war boom in television broadcasting in the USA, a need soon arose for a video recorder to provide "time-shifting" of live TV programmes between the different US time zones. Many companies therefore endeavoured to produce a video tape recorder (VTR) using the same single-track, fixed-head, longitudinal-scan system used for audio, but the very much higher bandwidth required involved an unacceptably high tape-speed. AMPEX attempted to solve the problem by using twelve parallel tracks and a machine was demonstrated in 1952, but it proved unsatisfactory.
    The development team, which included Charles Ginsburg and Ray Dolby, then devised a four-head transverse-scan system in which a quadruplex head rotating at 14,400 rpm was made to scan across the width of a 2 in. (5 cm) tape with a tape-to-head speed of the order of 160 ft/sec (about 110 mph; 49 m/sec or 176 km/h) but with a longitudinal tape speed of only 15 in./sec (0.38 m/sec). In this way, acceptable picture quality was obtained with an acceptable tape consumption. Following a public demonstration on 14 April 1956, commercial produc-tion of studio-quality machines began to revolutionize the production and distribution of TV programmes, and the perfecting of time-base correctors which could stabilize the signal timing to a few nanoseconds made colour VTRs a practical proposition. However, AMPEX did not rest on its laurels and in the face of emerging competition from helical scan machines, where the tracks are laid diagonally on the tape, the company was able to demonstrate its own helical machine in 1957. Another development was the Videofile system, in which 250,000 pages of facsimile could be recorded on a single tape, offering a new means of archiving information. By 1986, quadruplex VTRs were obsolete, but Poniatoff's role in making television recording possible deserves a place in history.
    Poniatoff was President of AMPEX Corporation until 1955 and then became Chairman of the Board, a position he held until 1970.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Abrahamson, 1953, "A short history of television recording", Part I, JSMPTE 64:73; 1973, Part II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 82:188 (provides a fuller background).
    Audio Biographies, 1961, ed. G.A.Briggs, Wharfedale Wireless Works, pp. 255–61 (contains a few personal details about Poniatoff's escape from Germany to join the Russian Navy).
    E.Larsen, 1971, A History of Invention.
    Charles Ginsburg, 1981, "The horse or the cowboy. Getting television on tape", Journal of the Royal Television Society 18:11 (a brief account of the AMPEX VTR story).
    KF / GB-N

    Biographical history of technology > Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew

  • 16 RPI

    radar position indication; RPI
    The visual indication, in non-symbolic and/or symbolic form, on a radar display of the position of an aircraft obtained by primary and/or secondary surveillance radar.
    (PANS-ATM)
    радиолокационное отображение местоположения воздушного судна; RPI
    Отображение в несимволической и/или символической форме на индикаторе радиолокатора местоположения воздушного судна, полученного с помощью первичного и/или вторичного обзорного радиолокатора.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > RPI

  • 17 RPS

    radar position symbol; RPS
    The visual indication, in symbolic form, on a radar display, of the position of an aircraft obtained after automatic processing of positional data derived from primary and/or secondary surveillance radar.
    (PANS-ATM)
    Official definition modified by Amdt 5 to PANS-RAC (10/11/1994).
    радиолокационный символ местоположения воздушного судна; RPS
    Отображение в символической форме на индикаторе радиолокатора местоположения воздушного судна, полученного после автоматизированной обработки данных о местоположении, предоставляемых первичным и/или вторичным обзорным радиолокатором.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > RPS

  • 18 pin-point


    1. сущ.
    1) а) острие булавки б) перен. что-л. очень маленькое, незначительное
    2) место, которое можно увидеть и идентифицировать только при помощи аэрофотосъемки No pin-point was obtained on leaving the British shore. ≈ После того, как мы покинули Британский берег, никаких участков суши обнаружено не было.
    2. прил.;
    воен.
    1) прицельный, точный with pin-point Syn: exact, precise
    2) особый;
    детальный, подробный pin-point efficiency ≈ особенная эффективность pin-point organisation and the working out of schedules ≈ хорошая организация и детальная разработка расписания
    3) острый( как острие иголки)
    3. гл.
    1) а) воен. засекать цель The enemy was trying to pinpoint our position. ≈ Враг попытался определить наше расположение. б) воен. бомбардировать точечную цель The pilot managed to pin-point the factory. ≈ Летчику удалось нанести точный удар по заводу.
    2) указать точно;
    заострить внимание( на чем-л.) ;
    акцентировать Syn: emphasize
    3) уменьшиться до невидимых размеров They pinpointed out of sight. ≈ Они исчезли из виду.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > pin-point

  • 19 element

    1) элемент

    2) орган
    3) элементный
    4) <aeron.> авиагруппа
    5) деталь
    6) первичная часть
    7) звено
    8) устройство
    – ace element
    – adding element
    – all element
    – alloying element
    – AND element
    – antenna element
    – area element
    – bellows element
    – blocking element
    – circuit element
    – code element
    – combinational element
    – comparison element
    – computer element
    – control element
    – controlled element
    – coupling element
    – data element
    – decision element
    – delay element
    – depth of an element
    – derivative of an element
    – detecting element
    – directional element
    – dissipative element
    – driven element
    – element by element
    – element by element
    – element cone
    – element of a cone
    – element of a covering
    – element of a fix
    – element of cylinder
    – element of integration
    – element of mass
    – element of set
    – expanding element
    – ferrite element
    – ferroelectric element
    – filter element
    – final element
    – fluid element
    – fluidic element
    – fuel element
    – function element
    – height of an element
    – humidity-sensitive element
    – hysteretic element
    – identity element
    – immersion element
    – input element
    – instantaneous element
    – integrated element
    – integrated-circuit element
    – inverse-time element
    – inverting element
    – linear element
    – load-bearing element
    – logic element
    – luminous element
    – machine element
    – majority element
    – matrix element
    – measuring element
    – memory element
    – meteorological element
    – microelectronic element
    – micrologic element
    – moving element
    – neutron-sensitive element
    – non-linear element
    – nonequivalence element
    – nonlinear element
    – nonreciprocal element
    – optoelectronic element
    – OR element
    – oscillatory element
    – output element
    – parasitic element
    – parent element
    – passive element
    – pertaining to element
    – picture element
    – primal element
    – probability element
    – radiating element
    – redundant element
    – reference element
    – reference-input element
    – reinforcing element
    – resolution element
    – restraining element
    – sensing element
    – sequential element
    – servo element
    – signal element
    – single-crystal element
    – starting element
    – storage element
    – structural element
    – surface element
    – switching element
    – target element
    – temperature-sensitive element
    – the element obtained
    – threshold element
    – time-lag element
    – timing element
    – trace element
    – transuranium element
    – two-position element
    – unit element
    – volume element
    – vortex element
    – zero element

    adjunction of an identity element — присоединение единицы


    basal quaternion element — базисная единица


    consisting of a single element — одноэлементный


    element of analytic function — элемент аналитической функции


    final control element — регулирующий орган


    finite element method — <math.> метод конечных элементов


    gas plasma display element — <comput.> трубка газонаполненная


    ideal pulse element — <electr.> элемент импульсный идеальный


    identity element of a group — <math.> элемент группы единичный


    identity element of group — единичный элемент группы


    magnetic multiaperture element — многодырочный магнитный элемент


    neon computing element — неоновый вычислительный элемент


    off-diagonal matrix element — недиагональный матричный элемент


    period of element in group — порядок элемента группы


    solid state element — элемент на твердом теле


    sound pick-up element — звукоприемный элемент


    state of storage element — состояние элемента памяти

    Англо-русский технический словарь > element

  • 20 in one's own right

    1) Общая лексика: по праву, без посторонней помощи ( If someone has a position in their own right, they have earned it or obtained it by themselves and not because of anyone else: She's a millionaire in her own right. -

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > in one's own right

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См. также в других словарях:

  • Position — Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound}, v.,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Position finder — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Position micrometer — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • position — 1. An attitude, posture, or place occupied. 2. Posture or attitude assumed by a patient for comfort and to facilitate the performance of diagnostic, surgical, or therapeutic procedures. 3. In obstetrics, the relation of an arbitrarily chosen …   Medical dictionary

  • Position of the arms in ballet — There are two basic positions for the arms. In one, the dancer keeps the fingers of both arms almost touching to form an oval shape, either almost touching the hips, or at navel level, or raised above the dancer s head. In the other, the arms are …   Wikipedia

  • position error — An error in pressure instruments caused by the difference between the actual static pressure and that obtained from the aircraft. It depends upon the location of the static port pickup points and the attitude of the aircraft. Also called pressure …   Aviation dictionary

  • Angle of position — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Double position — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Guns of position — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Single position — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Strategic position — Position Po*si tion, n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. ?) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See {Site}, and cf. {Composite}, {Compound},… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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